Study Framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

have Framework - Research Paper ExampleThis essay stresses thatit is crystal clear that, other than the definition of fuss, the repealive framework fails to describe and define the concepts of interest. Concepts of interest are symbolic or image representation of abstract ideas. They are major components of theories thus conveys the abstract ideas within the theories.The author just uses the several concepts such as touch and pain, stimuli, impulses, neurons, pathways, responsivity, synapse, innocuous, neurons, intensity, skin, noxious among others.From this paper it is clear thatthe framework presents the relationships among the concepts and such relationships include Firstly, specialized genius organs encode pain and touch stimuli. Secondly, impulses for every modality travel along distinct pathways. Impulses project to pain and touch centers in the brain. Intensity affects pathways for stimuli because the number of impulses that are present in neurons determines the intensity of a stimulus. Also, downcast levels of activity encode innocuous stimuli while high level of activity encodes noxious stimuli. Somatic sense organs are responsive to a wide range of stimulus intensities. Finally, different sense organs tend to have distinct levels of responsivity to stimuli. The patter of activity or a population code of neurons encodes the stance and modality of the stimulus.The map or model of the framework is provided for clarity. The review provides a diagram and a conceptual framework for each of the four most influential theories of pain perception.

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Analysis - model Study ExampleConsequently, the inventor of the business idea faces the challenge of losing full control in racecourse the business. Nigel Galler, the founder and CEO of Movirtu Limited, faces the equal challenges in financing the expansion and development of the start-up business.One of the challenges that Movirtu Limited is veneer in summit is convincing the impact investors the investment has a positive social impact on the targeted markets and is economically viable. The impact investors can only finance a business if it has the potential for empowering the impoverished communities art object ensuring it is financially profitable (WDI 8). Accordingly, Movirtu Limited has to demonstrate to the impact investor namely the GreyGhostVentures (GGV) how the business will promote the public assistance of the poor communities if the financing arrangement by the TLcom Capital is accepted. In addition, the business model employed in running the business by integrating T Lcom Capital has to prove it is a viable business to quarter the financial support from the impact investors.Another challenge that is been faced by Movirtu Limited in raising financial capital is convincing the think capitalistic TLcom Capital on the potential of the business in generating profit in future under the social impact requirement of GGV. The financial support sustainability from the venture capitalists can only be sustained if they are convinced, the business idea will generate able revenue and grow in future (WDI 8). However, the target market for Movirtu Limited has high risk receivable to the purchasing power of the targeted consumers.In addition, the revenue margin that Movirtu Limited expects to receive from the actual price of the suffice compared to the financial resources consumed is considerably low. Thus, the ability of Movirtu Limited in winning the confidence of the venture capitalistic is relatively challenging. Moreover, the acceptance of venture cap italist in financing

Mediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mediation - Essay ExampleThe intermediator listens to the different versions of all the parties and calms or reassures them accordingly. The mediator should turn over active listening skills for this stage to be successful. During this stage, the mediator clarifies statements and questions so that the parties involved understand each other. He or she may in any case paraphrase the stories given by the parties. The third stage is the agenda tantrum stage. In this stage, the mediator outlines the issues that require a solution. He or she sets the agenda for the process by summarizing the dis concordances or agreements between the parties. The purpose of mediation is to resolve these disagreements in an unbiased way (Drews 44).The fourth stage is the propagation of alternatives stage. The mediator employs his or her skills to generate a series of possible options for the parties (Drews 44). He or she may also guide the parties in generating alternatives. In the fifth stage, the med iator asks the parties to choose among the generated alternatives. He or she guides the parties in selecting alternatives that be satisfactory and feasible to them all. The sixth stage is ending stage. In this stage, the mediator writes the agreement as concord by all parties.A mediation process normally involves three people. The first person is the mediator. The act and third persons are the two warring parties. However, the process may also have support people who assist in signing the agreements.Concluding a mediation process is the last stage of a mediation process. In case a solution is reached, the mediator concludes the process by writing an agreement that is signed by all the parties. However, if the process is not fruitful to come up with a solution, the mediator summarizes the issues raised and thanks the parties for their contributions and making progress. He then ends the session.The first advantage of

Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom Essay

Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom - Essay manakinthe physical classroom you are given by your administrator. However what you do with that set says a capacious deal about you as a professional. Parents and the administrators may take their first impressions of you from your classroom before you dumbfound an opportunity to speak with them (6).A good classroom is one in which you can see the acquisition areas clearly when you walk into the roomyou are in control of the work pattern in your classroom. The traffic pattern refers to the places on the room throughout which the children and the teachers will move. The traffic pattern sets the tone of the room equitable as much as the w all decorations can, and it will likewise set the tone for activities and behaviors throughout the day(6).It is effectual research that the first five years of a childs life are the shaping education and learning experiences for the child concerned. The preschool years are important in impacting in an appreciable modality the rest of the life of the child. Therefore, the provision of nothing but the best for our coming generations is a must. The purpose of all the stake holders must be to provide the most enriching environment possible. This is directed related by the preschool curriculum.Teachers command at this early level need to be well trained not only in teaching but many other aspects as well. Moreover the environment is to be absolutely fool-proof. No splinters that can ignite fire and no jaded edges that can rip through the flesh.The space does not count but the way it is utilized does. The classroom must have a theme. What I propose is the four seasons. The beauty of the thematic settings highlights and sets a tone, in addition it provides ample space for psychological, sociological, psychiatrical and physical needs of the growing child. Winter, Fall, Spring and Summer. For the birth to pre k things like temperature

URBAN GEOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

URBAN GEOGRAPHY - Essay Example concord to Massey and Denton (1998) Geographical separatism can be described as spatial concentration of particular groups of creation in separate areas. In simple terms, segregation means that certain groups of population get limited to different pockets of geographicalal areas. It can also be said that segregation is the level or expiration to which particular groups reside separately from one another within the confines of a particular geographic area such as a city or state (Low, 2004).Segregation, in itself, is a difficult phenomenon, where the groups are segregated in a number of ways. So, the spatial restriction of populations is based on a number of variables such as culture, income, ethnic origin, immigrant attitude or sexual orientation (Massey and Denton, 1998 Jackson, 1985). For example, people from a minority community are often overrepresented in some particular areas and underrepresented in some others (Yinger, 2001). In addition, a community may geographically restrict itself in way that its exposure to the other groups is minimise (Yinger, 2001). Johnston and Poulson add to Yingers theory by postulating that there are particular reasons because of which segregation takes place. These may range from juristic restrictions as in the case of South Africa where Apartheid was in practice to the social or economic status as in the case of rich people residing in the suburbs and the relatively poor residing in the downtown areas.However, the most prominent cause of segregation is found to be ethnicity or pagan background. This type of segregation can result from the emigrants need to find security in numbers which makes people from the same cultural or ethnic backgrounds to cluster together and segregate themselves from the rest of the society. Voluntary segregation is therefore where immigrants take to live in a

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 102

Essay Exampleas some concerns If a wife fearfulnesss cruelty or desertion on her preserves segmentation, there is no blame on them if they primp an amicable settlement between themselves (Quran Surah 4 Verse 128 cited in Farag). In addition to guiding the husband and the wife, Allah has also guided on how reconciliation between the two has to be approached with the help of their relatives in these words, If ye fear a breach between them twain, appoint (two) arbiters, one from his family, and the other from hers if they wish for peace, God will experience their reconciliation For God hath full knowledge, and is acquainted with all things (Quran Surah 4 Verse 35 cited in Farag). disarticulate becomes inevitable after all reconciliatory attempts have turned out futile. Islamic law as portrayed by Quran is practical and considerate rather than unrealistic.The ultimate purpose of marriage is peace and happiness. brotherhood provides people with a way to live the life happily and t o set the foundations of a new family. If a couple is unable to achieve that together irrespective of their best efforts, then divorce is allowed.Islam emphasizes a readiness on the concept of reasonableness and decency for both men and women. The dress code makes a fundamental part of this. Allah has discussed the matter of hijab for men in Quran in these words, Say to the believing men that they should cast downward their glances and guard their private parts (by being chaste). This is better for them (Quran Chapter 24, Verse 30 cited in The Quran and). At another(prenominal) place in the Quran, Allah has described how women should dress to maintain the Hijab in these words, O Prophet Say to your wives, your daughters, and the women of the believers that they should allow down upon themselves their jalabib (Quran Chapter 33, Verse 59 cited in The Quran and).Hijab is of immense importance for both men and women since it helps them protect their modesty and respect. In the prese nt age, when women have also

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Course work - Essay ExampleA 360-degree feedback method is a multi rater system where there are many (or, multi) raters for every individual. Each employee is evaluated with the help of feedback from him egotism, his or her peers, subordinates, the customers and the managers or superiors the systematic collection and feedback of exertion data on an individual or group, derived from a number of the stakeholders in their achievement (Morgan, Kannan and Cullinane, 2005, p.644). Thus the feedback get along withs from everyone round the individual and therefore forms a full circle. This shows an evaluation done from multiple perspectives and helps the employee formulate his own targets for self exploitation. Thus, in the 360-degree feedback mechanism the operation is performed with the worker at the center and the motivation is improvement of his or her performance within the organization. Three basic categories of employees can be distinctly identified by this feedback system. Supe rkeepers are those candidates who overcome the expectation level to a great extent they are categorized as the best. Then come the Keepers who also exceeds the level of expectation to some extent and lastly the Solid Citizens who just somehow decorous the expectation level. (Berger, 2003, p.120) This method in fact serves the crucial means of bringing about personal development and self awareness instead of a straight performance evaluation. In 2002 itself the system was adopted by about 90 percent of the Fortune 500 companies. (Linman, n.d.) Like any other tool the slaying of this process needs to take certain factors into consideration in order to make its implementation fruitful. whatsoever evaluation tool has its pros and cons but what matters ultimately is the final outcome it generates provided all the necessary pre conditions are maintained. The typography argues using logos (logical facts or the truth) and ethos (evidence)

Analysis governments involved in events and festival Essay

compend governments involved in events and festival - Essay ExampleThe sector of the country involved with events and festivals is the tourism ministry. touristry is the art of visiting and touring the country by the citizens and also visitors from other countries. Therefore there exist twain domestic and international types of tourism. Tourism is n atomic number 18a of interest in all governments and they focus greatly on this sector due several crucial reasons. Tourism involves attraction of citizens and foreigners to the beauty and culture of a country thus a government must use all the necessary resources to ensure that there are adequate tourism sites and events in the country (Chin, 2008).The purpose for governments participation in most events and festivals is related to the tourism that these functions tag along with. Tourism is one of the moat promising sectors of a countrys economy if all the required resources are well maintained. The foreign exchange incomes are top in list in the sources of income for a country. For instance, in Britain, the tourism sector is ranked as the third highest industry involved with export income. The Britain government is among the top that receives the highest number of visitors from foreign countries in a bid to attend events and annual festivals (Alan, 2011).The other reason as to why a government involves itself with events and festivals is because they chair to fast growth of an economy. Events are entertaining and all entertainment industries in all countries are evermore on the lead. People prefer using their money on fun stuff and issues that bring the iodin of the society. For instance, hosting different popular artistes to perform during festivities is a common move made by most countries to attract as many people as possible. The government will definitely want to invest in festivals so long as there is rapid growth in a country.In addition, governments entrance involved

Introduction to Operating Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Introduction to in operation(p) Systems - Assignment ExampleWhile for creating an interface with the software it makes use of the application programs. The elementary function provided by the in operation(p) system is that of interface for interaction between the ironware and software, since both are equally primal for the suitable operative of a computer system (Null & Lobur, 2010).For the hardware that is connected to the system, specific softwares are involve which allow recognition by the operating system. This task is accomplished by the drivers which make it possible for the operating system to interlace the hardware with the application softwares and other components of the system. Drivers also help in ensuring the proper working of hardwares (Andrews, 2009).The best practices for keeping the system current are updating it on regular basis. Downloading of the necessary patches that dexterity be required with new drivers. Best practices also include ensuring the authenti city of downloading material and checking its compatibility with the existing hardware and operating system kernel.Hence operating system is that part of the entire system without which the computer cannot exist. direct system is like the heart to human body that controls all other components and provides them with necessary

Investigate difference of the Scape organisation and the Colchester Assignment

Investigate difference of the gibe brass instrument and the Colchester Institute - Assignment ExampleBut it is not rigid just like the typical company. Because it caters to disciples it is less formal. Organizationally, it also partners with architectural firm to build good design such as Stephen Marshall Architects.Scape is a nice place. They promote the culture of camaraderie. It is also student oriented. Meaning, it is designed for students as well as priced for students. They promote caring and good accommodation. It is also creative. It has common places like receiving area, in round areas balcohny so it promote friendship among the tenants. In a way it is an extension of a school of university.Scapes vision and mission statement is expressed on its core belief that developing long-term relationships engenders a spirit of sharing and partnership, delivering exceptional results. Managing the entire life cycle of each asset to moderate the best levels of service for students , Scape plays a vital role in the key elements of Design, Build, Operate and finance (Scapeliving.com).Colchester Institute on the other hand calls their vision and mission Strategic ambitions and is centered more on vocational learning that would be later used in employment. For example To become a association nucleusresponding to local need and establishingproductive partnershipswith employers, key community leaders, and local providers of other educational and non-educational run to help driveeconomic development and to create an organisational culture which recognises and develops theskills, expertiseandcommitmentofCollege staff, as reflected in instantlys most effective workplaces

Research Methods - Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Methods - follow-up - Essay ExampleA critique of the research proves that the study is well directed so as to arrive at the hypothesis and thus contains remarkable strength needed for an authoritative study. However, certain oddities and surmisal in the way towards the findings point to specific weaknesses of the research in rules and approaches used. The empirical study is based on a well-defined theoretical framework and its finding that approves the merit of the hypothesis. The loose ends of the study result mainly derive from the inadequacy of the relevant data in general, and that of the Netherlands in particular, where sociological factors limit the findings of the study. The speculative disposition of the finding towards the end of the study constrains the appeal of the empirical result.There is a great relevance to this causa of research and the objectives of the study prove this point. The research contributes to the study of complementarities among HR dimensi ons and the selection of Ireland and the Netherlands for data collection, where no such studies are conducted, also proves to be its strength. The introduction states the hypothesis clearly and illustrates the significance of the study. The hypothesis is logically presented, guide to the empirical analysis of the study. As the authors of Research Paper Handbook instruct the researcher, Your thesis will try the special nature of your paper. (Lester Jr & Lester Sr 2005). The paper clearly establishes the thesis that the high performance HR forethought system is the most effective form of the HR management in enhancing the performance of the employees, with the research method used. It also succeeds in emphasizing that this superior effectiveness in part is derived from a complementarities among the five HR dimensions. (Horgan & Muhlau 2006). The clarification added for the ineffectiveness of the theory in the Netherlands almost satisfies the finding of the study. The authors provi de relevant reasons

Kill Me Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Kill Me flat - Essay ExampleThis new gash by department of Theatre and Dance is the ultimate competition zippy bespeak Kill Me Now. It is based on a group of good deal belongs to different background such as black gay dancer, Indian, Russian, Spanish, religious dancer, psychopath, weigh filter etc. having a dance competition between them they action to win a prize of best dancer. In this game show audience is also a part of the article and dramatic version of this reality show. Dance show Kill Me Now features roughly eight characters in this competition along with a host and judges, a DJ which holds the background music, a score keeper and the Dance crew of Kill Me Now. Dancers ar very excited to win and every time they urgency to give their best in front of judges. Dancer is not concern with the benignant amount, they are not aware of what they get prize in result of this competition they just want to win. And they do also not know the ultimate prize for the winner. At ea ch performance of this game show, audience will cast votes to choose the winner of this dance competition. At the end of this dance show the winner found its ultimate prize for which they were competing for and it is the death of the winner of this dance competition winner gets cleanup by judge of this show. Through this play writer delivers the message that sometimes we do not using up are senses.This game show is modeled after current reality shows on TV in which some are comic based, highly interactive experience, fast-paced where the audience is very excited and wants to imbibe these kinds of reality shows forever. And the main theme of this game show is that we are belong to a culture whom always love to compete and audience enjoy watching these competitions they dont care about cast, religion, food coloring of competitors. Every day we watch in different reality shows on different channels. People are very keen to watch these reality shows either they are kids, youngsters or old age people they just have an interest in

Children can lead successful lives enough though they experience birth Essay

Children can rail successful lives enough though they experience birth complicatins - Essay ExampleThe complications can be callable to preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Particularly the complications develop because of the purlieu that a m other(a) faces forwards or after the birth. These can lead to physical or psychological impairments among the children.There are multiple factors that can lead to these complications like smoking, drinking, maternal depression, poverty, family quarrels, parents mental illness or escape of formal education. The child who encounters these types of problems at home develops serious learning and behavior problems, mental illness or has a stressful future life (Werner, 1989).Nonetheless, the children who have experienced birth complications can lead a successful live. It all depends on the type of environment in which they are brought up. A stable environment facilitates a child in dealing with the stress he fac es, and develops skills equally like all other children. In a research conducted by Emmy Werner in 1989, one third bulge out of the total snatch of impaired children grow into a competent adult. After further study and observation, Werner found the factors that assist these emphasize children in dealing with their stress and other risks of life. The main factor that contributes to these children to bear stress was their strong impound with the caretaker, which could be any member of the family or any appointed baby sitter. Establishing this bond makes it easier for the children to share their thoughts and free-and-easy life problems with the caretaker, resulting in taking decisions on their own and making life easy for them. Grandparents can bring in a pivotal role in the upbringing of a child. The protective aspect in the families, whether out of family circle, or within the children themselves who face complications, enables them to resist stress.The other factor included is that these children have taken

Professional Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional Issue - Essay ExampleIn nursing, a compounding of clinical experience, technical skill and theoretical knowledge is required in providing high standard shell out (Funnell et al 2009). Hence, an Act of Parliament in 2002 created the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) to regulate gives, and protect the public by ensuring that nurses provide high standard of cargon to the patients (Kozier et al 2008). NMC code of deportment stipulates that nurses are obligated to playact ethically and are accountable for their own actions (NMC 2010). This essay will reflect on the roles and responsibilities of a registered nurse in relation to consent to give-and-take. For this reflection, I will apply Driscolls (2007) reflection model that asks cardinal main questions What? So what? and Now, what? (Bulman & Schultz 2008). To protect the anonymity of patients and staff, real names shall not be used (NMC 2008). throw role in relation to consent What? Luke is an 18 year old male with a diagnosis of major depressive with psychotic symptoms. He was admitted in officially to acute mental health inpatient following an freakish overdose few months after the death of his father. On a morning shift during my placement, Luke was elated in mood, very anxious and was observed to be experiencing auditory hallucination saying that he wants to go and ataraxis with his deceased father. Hence, Nurse A decided to urgently administer his medication after consulting with the traffic doctor who prescribed Risperidone 2mg. Luke refused to take the medication stating that his mum has not been informed. However, Nurse A had an informal watchword with Luke where she informed Luke that he would not be allowed to the servery if he does not take his medication. Hence, Luke reluctantly took the medication without formally consenting to it. Hence, Nurse A breached the informed consent requisite to care when she failed to adequately provide cultivation to Luke and his mother and enab le them to make an informed decision. So What? Luke was admitted informally and had previously made an advanced guiding to have his mother make the medical decisions for him. Elkin et al (2007) noted that in advance directives, patients communicate their wishes or values about future medical care to help guide decisions that include overwhelming ailment, sedating drugs or unconsciousness, when the patient can no longer participate. It is a means of empowering a person with mental illness by increasing autonomy and decreasing coercion in the treatment they receive (Kozeir et al 2008). jibe to the Department of Health (DoH 2008), patients may want to nominate a person to be notified of, or pertain in, decisions related to their treatment and care. The involvement of his mum can have a major benefit for the treatment and care of Luke. DoH (2008) asserts that such involvement can provide reassurance to Luke, who may feel distrustful of practitioners who are relatively unfamiliar and unknown to him, or able to impose compulsory measures on him. However, Nurse A administered the medication without adequately informing the patient and his mother. Thus, nurse As actions violate Lukes sound to informed consent. The role of nurses is to gain informed consent based on the provisions on standards of conduct indicated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008). Even if Luke handed the reins of the decision-making authority to his mother, Mental Capacity Act (MCA 2007) stipulates that patients must(prenominal) be informed in which circumstances they can be treated without

John Blackthron, I, Che Guevara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Blackthron, I, Che Guevara - Essay ExampleThe gentleman was presumed dead since 1967. They said that the man might actually be the martyr Ernesto Che Guevara. His campaign trail was in the main focused on converting illiterate peasants to the revolutionary political philosophy of the True Republic. After the short expression of Ernesto, Castros power finally relinquishes as he steps calibrate from power in permutation of Cubas recognition from the United States. Another mission was also to lift the crippling embargo. In establish to have U.S diplomatic recognition and to remove all embargoes and sanctions, he had to allow free elections and step down from his douricial position. After this, two traditional parties formed quickly. These embarrass the Communist Party from one positioning and the U.S and Mafia backing Cuban exiles on the other. The bargain was accepted, and the communists left the Mafia backed exiles square off the presidential elections. Then came a bitte r rivalry of the political titans but as soon as the new party, True Republic, was introduced things started to change. Che, though he did not admit to the name, started to gain popularity. The True Republic style spread rapidly throughout Cuba that each person from every side devised plots to hold fast rid of Ernesto Blanco. The left, the skilful and fumbling White House started groping on the quick spreading rumors that Guevara is back, and they all tried to get rid of him in every possible way. This included manipulation, treachery, threats, intimidation, bribery media pay-offs and even assassination attempts. Despite the efforts by the rivals to get rid of Che, he was able to achieve un settlementpable momentum to put a stop to the revolution. Ches spirit of governing oneself gave him grassroots drive to populist local self-determination to his missions. The account book tries to forge Cubas future through the early retirement of the President Fidel Castro and the return of the man who appeared after his so-called death and began to draw attention to the various provinces of Cuba. Facilitated by the efforts of two women, a journalist and an assassin, the movement captured a lot of the worlds attention. In the back cover of the book, there is an interesting opinion around the author John Blackthorn is the pseudonym of political figure whose name is well known in international capitals and intelligence circles (Blackthorn) This can only mean that Johns work is outstanding and excellent. In my opinion, John writes from his inner passion and skill. This is so because he is well knowledgeable about Cuba through his American-Latin citizenship. The book has been able to show a clear view of the much-illuminated social, political, and economic realities of the government. I think the authors intentions were to assist in greater understanding of politics and socioeconomic factors of a society with an aim of form great leaders and thinkers. Blackthorn wanted to show the forces that Cuba had to contend with and the uprisings. He also wanted to play about the idea of Marxism and communism. John Blackthorns is a former senator and two-time presidential candidate whose public public life came to a halt after a sex scandal in 1987. He is now a lawyer especially in international law. The book made him travel several times to Cuba ordinarily to convey messages unofficially between Fidel Castro and the Clinton administration. Other works done by John Blackthorn include Sins of the Fathers, which was also a non-fictional book. The fact that Ernesto re-appeared years later after the

Econ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econ - Assignment ExampleAdditionally, with a gold standard, the key desire could not apply monetary policy in order to stabilize the economy. More to this, the central bank could not raise the interest rates during inflation and lower them during recession, to stabilize the economy.There was a corking deal of disagreements between the modern day Main Street and Wall Street over the central bank representation. There was a feeling among those in the Main Street, that the central bank would not be representative of the substantial country, and would thus be a preserve of the moneyed few in naked as a jaybird York and Philadelphia. For that reason, both the first and second attempts of creating a central bank failed. Thus, to address these failures, Woodrow Wilson advocated for the creation of 12 national Reserve banks located at major cities in the country, making the country end up with 12 regional banks (27).Paul Volckers method of fighting inflation in the 1970s involved the ledger entry of high interest rates, to slow the economy and fight inflation (46). According to him, to break the inflation cycle, thus a credible and disciplined monetary policy had to be put in place. With such penetration of a credible monetary policy, the inflation rate fell significantly to 3-4%.The failures in regulations addressed in this lecture include the banks and other financial institutions failing to monitor and manage the risks they were taking under the number of house mortgages. Another failure in regulations was the dependency of the firms on short tern funding, such as the mercantile paper. There were failures in regulations including supervision, such as the consumer protection. The stability of the financial system as a whole was not granted adequate attention.Prior to the crisis, the quality home loans were financed through the packaging of exotic and subprime mortgages into securities, by the financial institutions. Many of these securities were sold to investors,

Preliminary PDHPE Assignment Essay Example for Free

anterior PDHPE Assignment Essay1) Recount the story of the individual in relation to how the adversity they faced as bear upon their wellness lieu. The individual who I decided to research is flat well known for her excogitate hosting the Biggest unsuccessful person, Hayley Lewis. At 15 years old Hayley Lewis had win 5 Gold medals at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. She weighed 58kg and neer thought anything ab prohibited her load at the clock m as she was fit, wellnessy and muscular. A magazine came out saying that she was a fit 15 year old but a bit tough legged. From and so on she started to get bigger and bigger.A year later her weight had crept up to 65kg and by the 1992 Barcelona Olympics she weighed 73kg. Hayley was told by her coach to lose weight and the to a greater extent and more she was told, the more she work outed to food for comfort. By being told she was heavy legged from the media and being told to lose weight the more this pretended on her physi cally, mentally, mixerly and weirdly. By being overweight this cut short Hayleys swimming c areer as she was embarrassed, suffered foreboding and hated being overtly scrutinised.Hayley Lewis as well as hated getting out of bed because she knew she had to put on her togs. She said that she was racing with girls 20kg lighter and you cant hide anything when youre in swimmers. She also said that she used to focus on her weight e real time she jumped up on to the get-go block instead of focusing on her race. By being judged because of her physical appearance made her deviate her swimming career because she felt that she didnt fit in anywhere. This affected both her mental and spiritual health.Because Hayley Lewis had a negative physical health status this violationed on her emotional health as all the dimensions of health are interdependent on one another and when one area of health is press release downhill this can impact on all the other aspects of an individuals health st atus. Hayley Lewis had a impression self-esteem and didnt believe in herself. This was because she was bullied near her physical appearance and the media made her timber grim some her weight. She didnt enjoy the success of being a swimmer either because of the shame and ungodliness she felt about herself and her personal body image.Another factor that could have made an impact on Hayleys health status is the death of her younger sister as this could have made her turn to food for comfort. Hayley Lewis had to face a 20 year weight battle from when she was 15 until she was 35 when she had her stand by child. During her pregnancy Hayley gained another 25kg. When she got a phone call from Jenny Craig to become an ambassador she finally gain how overweight she was and decided to do something about it. She deep in thought(p) 4kg in the first week and was finally getting back on track and gaining these precious years of her life back.Hayley Lewis is now the accepted host of the B iggest Loser and says she can relate to the contestants so well as she knows exactly what they have been through and what they are going through. She hopes to inspire them and become as good a role model as she can so they get to love themselves the way she does about herself now. Hayley Lewis has faced major adversity in her life and it has affected her health status physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. She has finally pulled through and is at a great point in her life, has overcome her weight battles and has made herself proud for where her body has gotten her today.a) Evaluate how the dimensions of health have interacted to clear the health status of the individual. Hayley Lewis physical, mental, social and spiritual health have interacted to construct Hayleys current health status as all these dimensions are interdependent upon one another. If one aspect of health is positive then this will most likely have an impact on all the other aspects of an individuals health. Hayleys physical health when she was younger was fairly curt. When Jenny Craig came into the picture this made Hayley become aware(p) and realise just how poor her physical health was.Because of this sudden realisation, this has constructed Hayley Lewis current health status in many ways because she finally did something about her poor health. She started to lose weight and the motivation of the Jenny Craig plan helped her pull through. She was given meal and exercise plans but as a retired swimmer she was used to having the pre-organised feeding and training schedule. She had overcome her previous body image demons and she realised that she had a new focus in life because of becoming a parent.She had to step up and become the best role model she could be for her children. She threw out all the old photos she had of herself as an overweight teenager and returned to the pool in 2000 with a re-create self-reliance. She still has good days and bad days, like everyone but has lea rnt to love, admire, appreciate and nurture her body with remark as you only get one. Her previous physical health has now constructed Hayleys current health status as she is now a size 8-10, lost 20kg and has maintained her weight by have nutritiously, planning her meals and exercising often.Hayley now has a positive physical health status and hopes to inspire others, such as the biggest also-ran contestants, with her own personal inspiring story. Hayley Lewis emotional health has had a major impact on the construction of her current health status. Mentally, Hayley never used to believe in herself and had a very low self-esteem and body image. Now that she has become aware of her poor health status and has lost 20kg she now has a positive headspace and a positive out belief on life. She has a rejuvenateed confidence but still has bad days like everyone.By relating to the current biggest loser contestants this has made her feel proud to where her body and mind has gotten her to day and wants to help them out so they can feel how she feels about herself now. Hayleys new and improved positive emotional health has had a major impact on all the other aspects of her health and has created an overall positive health and wellbeing for herself as the dimensions of health are all interdependent upon one another. When Hayley Lewis was younger her social health suffered because she was overweight physically and didnt look positive on life because of her poor emotional health.She was bullied, compared to others and was always being judged, if not by the media, by her coach and family friends. She now has a very positive social health as she is now unify to a very understanding and cooperative husband and has 2 children. Her confidence is now booming compared to when she was contend her 20 year weight battle. Her confidence has allowed her to improve her relationships with family and friends and now she can also relate to the biggest loser contestants because they h ave become her friends.She is very inspirational towards these contestants and has also become very close to them and helping them renew their lives and start fresh. Spiritually, Hayley now feels a sense of belonging and worth compared to the adversity she faced because she has fought and finally won her weight battles. She is now fit and healthy, can relate to and feels apart of the biggest loser family and also has a fussy family of her own. She now has a very positive headspace and this has impacted on and changed her life in many ways.Hayleys life changing experience of winning her 20 year weight battled has occurred because she finally became aware of how poor her health was. The 4 dimensions of health, physical, mental, social and spiritual, have all worked together with each other and have constructed Hayley Lewis current health status in a very positive way. Because she started losing weight she noticed that all her emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health have ben efited her overall health. This is because all these dimensions are interdependent upon each other and construct the overall health status of an individual.b) Evaluate how the relative and dynamic spirit of health has impacted upon the health status of the individual. Due to her own personal experiences Hayley Lewis would now rate her health as being optimal. She has battled with her weight for 20 years and has finally overcome that. As well as being at her cultivation weight by eating healthy, exercising and creating meal plans for herself she has to take into account how the relative and dynamic nature of health has impacted upon her own personal health status. Relative and dynamic nature of health refers to how health can vary from time to time and fluctuate all over the place.Illnesses, accidents, personal experiences, environmental factors or an individuals socioeconomic status can have an impact on an individuals level of health at any point during their lives. These continu al changes in a persons health incriminate that health is dynamic. Judging where a person is along the health continuum at any point of time is highly subjective as people all over the world have different perceptions about what is optimal or normal health. By overcoming her 20 year weight battle, Hayley Lewis now has a stop knowledge of what good health is.She perceives herself in a more positive way and the result of this is that the public and people all around her are perceiving her in a more positive way also. By believing in yourself can affect how others see you and believe that you have potential whereas if you dont believe in yourself then others will think the same. This is one of the reasons that Hayley Lewis confidence has risen over time because now that her self-esteem has risen she realised that people were starting to perceive her, and her health, in different and a more positive way.By being the host of the biggest loser and becoming friends with the contestants h as affected Hayley Lewis health status. She is now socioeconomically advantaged as she has a permanent job with a high income. This will impact her health status because it can affect her choices such as buying more, but nutritious food, and she now has more money to spend on fitness and recreational resources such as gyms and swimming pools. This can impact Hayleys health physically, mentally, socially and spiritually as she now feels a sense of control and appraise over her life.

Identity and Belonging Essay Example for Free

Identity and Belonging EssayThis expository piece draws upon the scene Identity and Belonging in conjunction with personal memoirs from Alice Pungs Growing up Asian in Australia. The purpose of this piece is to explore and invite my audience to experience what it is equal to be the subject of isolation due to differences in demeanor, language and coating and to point out the internal scrapes pot have sm entirely-arm trying to discover their true individualism whilst in the presence of others. I have referred to a number of stories from Alice Pungs novel such as Towards piecehood, a call to arms and sticks and stones and such like all of which outline the issue of not being able to express one ego in the presence of others. The language utilise in this feature article is that of a formal and serious tone that reflects concentratedship of migrants and large number who struggle to discover their true individuation and a champion of belonging Essay In a divers(prenom inal) world where there is no conventional group to which we all belong it dismiss be leaden to find a concrete group where we preempt feel a sense of belonging and authority to express ones true identity.The presence of others whether it is family or friends effects the way we act in certain situations and groups and causes us to reluctantly have several identities. However they may not always be our true identity but put-on in order to satisfy others and act in accordance to what they expect of us. We force out bring into being a new identity by changing our appearance, clothes and position in a group heretofore in the process we may lose sight and become conf apply virtually who we really are and what identity is appropriate for different groups.It is not always easy to be our self in the presence of peers and family and living up to their expectations when you are confused about you own identity and sexuality. In the story Towards Manhood the main character Benjamin fou nd it challenging to be himself in the society of other because of his sexuality and not being able to conform to others expectations. He used his Asian appearance and identity to hide the fact that he was gay and he pretended to like a girl so his peers wouldnt think he was a comprised failure of a man.However when he confesses his sexuality to his mother, who surprisingly acknowledges that her son was gay and that something went wrong in the womb he begins to accept and come to terms with who he is. It is through the acceptance of other that are closest to you that you bewitch a sense of belonging and security and for Benjamin this was his family and his boyfriend Scott. It is similarly difficult to be ourselves in the family of others when your physical appearance and culture are dissimilar.Having a robust ethnic background earth-closet act upon the ability to fit into a foreign culture and way of life, but also it can affect the way others perceive us. In the story A call t o Arms Michelle found it hard to fit in because of the constant strain between Chinese heritage and Australian upbringing. Michelle felt a great deal of isolation because the Australian people werent accustomed to her appearance and her culture, M y life seemed so incredibly abnormal compared to everyone else I knew which often left her victimised by her peers.Michelle began to be ashamed of her culture around the presence of her peers and she began to lose her sense of identity and belonging. However on her devolve on to Hong Kong she felt something she had never experienced before, and something I certainly never consciously been seeking acceptance. Everything that wasnt accepted back in Australia no longer incited automatic embarrassment and she was able to express her culture without being looked down upon.It wasnt until she tried to communicate to other in Chinese that she realised that besides her appearance fitted in and finally acknowledges that both cultures shaped her id entity. Our heritage and upbringing can place a great deal of stress when trying to conform to others and discover our own identity. It can leave us feeling isolated when around people that are different and not immune to your culture however sometimes people create a new identity in order to down tamper their culture and ethnic origins.Having a strong ethnic heritage can sometimes urge people to create a new identity in order to feel a sense of federation and belonging with the societies around them. In the memoir Sticks and stones and such like Sunil attempts to create an identity that is accepted by the Australian culture and does this by changing his secernate to one that is easily pronounced by his sonny peers and is considered to be an Anglo- discolour majority conjure up. Sunil creates multiple identities in order to fit into a Majority Australian- white school and along the way sacrifices and betrays his culture.After changing his name Sunil feels a sense of acceptance and anonymity among his white peers. However when Sunils mother finds out, she is dismayed that her son would give up his culture in order to feel a sense of belonging amongst his friends. After finding out about the origins of his name and why his mother treasured it so much, Sunil begins to rediscover his ethnic identity and finally accepts his own name and finds a sense of belonging.By having a different name that is unfamiliar to the people around you can sometimes give a sense of isolation and highlight the culture barriers between people. Often galore(postnominal) ethnic people change their name in order to conform and make it easier to pronounce for the people that are unaccustomed to their language and culture and by taking on another name, they also create a new identity and clear any stereotypes of that race. We cannot always be our self in the company of others and that urges us to take on another identity.People often create a monstrous identity on social networking s ites in order to create a person that is desired by peers and also random people. People who are discriminated against or behold a sense of isolation because of differences in appearance and culture often create a profile online of how they want to appear to others and by creating a false identity that they can hide behind can give them a sense of belonging to a group and acceptance.We cannot always be ourselves in the company of others which often leads to false identities being created and a sense of not fitting in. The presence of other determines the identities in which we take on or want to be perceived as however this can also lead to a misinterpretation of their real identity and also sacrifices of heritage and culture.

Human Resource Is the Most Important Assest in an Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Is the Most Important Assest in an Organization EssayHuman resources ar the set of individuals who makes up the extendforce of an arranging, business sector or an economy. This resource resides in the skill, knowledge and motivation of people and under the right condition it improves in suppurate and experience which no other resources can do. It is therefore considered the or so productive resources that can create the hourlong advantages for an brass section.For an organization to sustain and grow they do not only rely on advanced technology, genuine marketing strategy and other factors etc. In fact, they have to rely on their employee performance, contribution and image. As in roughly organization, they are mainly human orientated. Thus, without their support and contribution to the business operation, the organization everyday business operation cater not be functioning well. Christina. P (2009) mentioned that organizational psychology holds that flourishing organizations do not owe their success solely to market realities and sustainable competitive advantages. Actually, there is a lot more. Successful companies are those that consider their human capital as their most important asset. Facts and figures are the quantitative elements of successful management, yet the qualitative, i.e. the cognitive aspects, are those that actually make or break an organizationHere are a few factors that explain how human resource can contribute to an organization to help them meet their hereafter goals and expectations. Firstly, having strategic human resource planning. It is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. Reilly (2003) define human resource planning as A process in which an organization attempts to estimate the demand for labour and evaluate the size, nature and sources of supply which will be required to meet the demand. Without human resource planning, an org anization whitethorn not be fake and well prepared for the future challenges ahead.Secondly, by having a positive reckoning environment. In order to allow employees to contribute to the organization it is important to create a positive environment for the employees so as to checker the smooth running of business of an organization. For instance, encouraging employee to go for lunch break on time, taking defraud breaks in between during working hours if there is too much stress, minimal overtime work. Such work practice will actually motivates employees to contributes more to the organization as they are not overwork or over stress. As mentioned by David.I (2009), work environment, employee satisfaction and employee turnover are three distinct concepts that are inseparably linked workplace environments greatly influence employee satisfaction, which in turn directly affects employee turnover rates. knowledgeable how to use a positive work environment to increase employee satisfac tion and reduce turnover is a key to developing a high-performance workforce.Thirdly, continuous attainment within an organization. It is important for an organization to upraise and send their employees of different level to attend workshops and courses. This is to allow employees to have an opportunity to learn new skills and to expect to upgrade themselves regardless of their age. Without the right knowledge or skill in a certain organization, employees may not be able to contribute to the organization more effectively. As mentioned by Robert J.V (2006), a learning organization embraces a culture of lifelong learning, enabling all employees to continually acquire and share knowledge. Improvements in product or service spirit do not stop when proper training is provided to the employees. Employees need to have the financial, time and content resources available to increase their knowledge.Lastly, by having attractive benefits and compensation. Pay and benefits are the most im portant incentives that organization can contribute to employees in exchange for a more productivity and feature contribution to the organization. Employees should also be rewarded when they have accomplished a big assignment for their hard work and efforts to the organization as this attractive benefits and compensation will also help booze the employee morale. At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, they will feel appreciated by the organization where they may contribute more to the organization in future.If employees are not satisfied with the level of compensation or benefit, they may not be move to work and the level of standard for quality and productivity will definitely be low. As mentioned by Rebecca. L (2012), when your workers feel youre looking out for them, theyll look out for you, too, by producing higher quality work and staying in their jobs longer. Providing good benefits packageswhich might include retirement, health care or dental plansis a tangible way to show emp loyees that you value them and their quality of life. Sure, the rising cost of benefits has made offering an attractive package more difficult for small businesses, but there are still ways to offer competitive packages to recruit and retain the best workers while staying within your budget.In conclusion, Human Resource is the most important asset of an organization as it plays an important role in every aspect .It is the pricker of an organization, without human resource the organization will not be able to function well and may not succeed in the future challenges.

River ching sports centre Essay Example for Free

River ching sports centre EssayThe main type of stock utilise in the ICT department is The Hard Disk, which is the main internal backing memory board. They be a parking lot form of information storage which ar usually found inside estimators. , which can b applyd on both, stand-al unrivalled and net incomeed information processing systems. Each hard phonograph recording which is used in the ICT dept contains a lot of coaxial tracks, where these tracks are divided into sectors. The data is then stored into those sectors. Moving directly to data on a disk drive is called random retrieve, which might occur at times. Most disks will be able to store data on both sides.The main benefit of the hard drives for the ICT department is that they claim a charming large capacity, and is now common in a desktop. An new(prenominal) type of storage that the ICT department uses is The diskette disks, which are a common external backing storage. They are very useful for transfer ring data amidst computers and for keeping a back up of work files. They help the ICT department, as they are very protective, as they can read/ lay aside heads access the disk through holes in the protective sleeves, furthermore they are disk read-only which helps to reduce the chances of data being accidentally overwritten and lost.They are small and portable, where data can be transferred between different computers. For the ICT department, they need a drive, which can read data from a disk. The ICT department uses floppy disks and CD-ROMS as thy have a longer access times than hard disks. Additionally, Compact disks are alike used, as they hold large quantities of data in the form of text, sound, still pictures or even tv clips. CDS can be now available in three forms 1) CD-ROMS 2) CD-R 3)-CD-RW The ICT department use the CD-ROMS, as it is a read only memory.In other words, you can only read from the disc, not write or store data onto it. This type is the most common sort of CD available and is the style most software programs are sold. It is a memory storage device but which would not be considered as a backing-store as the user cannot write to the disk. A net profit is a two or more computer connected together. Computers in a internet can communicate with each other. The computer needs a meshwork interface card to connect to a network. The ICT department are a part of the LAN network (local area network), which is a network that you see in most offices and schools.LANs are small, local networks. They usually need the following hardware in order to operate . A network file server, which is a dedicated computer, that runs the software needed by the network and stores the files that users have created. . Terminals are soul workstations that give access to the network. Using a terminal gives access to the networks software and files. . Print server, this is when a root of terminals share use of a newswriter then the system needs a print server. Fo r the network to operate, data needs to be sent to and from all parts of the network.This can be done using wire cables or fibre optic cables, or via radio signals. The ICT department also uses the STAR NETWORK, which gives access to a central computer. Star networks are used when a large number of workstations need to be connected to a central computer such as the mainframe. Each workstation is connected directly to the central computer. There are few advantages, such as performance in one part of the network is unaffected by events elsewhere, also cable failure is less of a problem which doesnt affect other users. The department includes. A Video Digitiser is another(prenominal) input device, which enables video signals from a standard camcorder to be displayed in a window on the computer screen. . A Network Cards are another use of input device where in order to connect to a local area network the computer must have a network card fitted. These cards slot into the main tour of duty board at the back of the computer enabling data to pass between the computers a network cables. These types of networks and cards are very helpful towards the Riverching sports centre, as they include many track downs and allow many jobs to be taken place very easily and efficiently.And in conclusion it makes working much more faster, and complex r so that the work can be done to a greater standard and of higher quality. The ICT DEPARTMENT, use colour laser printers. . Colour Laser Printers are called page printers, because the data to be printed is sent to the printer in complete pages-one page at a time. They work on the same principle as photocopiers. Lasers are very quite printers and give high quality print, which is also an advantage in the market department. The majority of laser printers are sold black and white, however colour laser printers are travel in price and becoming much more popular.This type of Printer helps the RiverChing Sports centre to communicate a nd function properly as it enables you to print out work of colour for better perceptive, or even skillful for simple reasons. SOFTWARE The ICT department has all softwares that all other departments include, such as . Desktop publish Software package (DTP) . Word-processing Software megabucks Graphics Software Package . Browser Software Package . Web Authoring Software Package . Spreadsheets . Database Publishing They all operate utilities, such as print manager, and virus-scanning software.(3) finance Department This is the department where it uses ICT, for buying equipment, and sorting out wages, and receipts. Hardware The hardware department only has one computer, which deals with all financial issues. Input An input device is any hardware, which is used to enter data into the computer system. An input device would include devices such as the Keyboard, which is the most common way of entering data into a computer. Another input device would include the Mouse, scanners, an OCR , OMR, Video Digitiser, Speech or voice input, MIDI, and lastly LDRs.A storage device retains its contents when the computer is switched off and is used to hold programs and data. All computers have some form of hard storage. The Finance department uses the b storage (also known as the supplementary storage), which is any data-storage area outside the CPU. Administration This is the department where it uses ICT, for the Receptionist, also dealing with photocopying and even filing. Human resource This is the department where it uses ICT for personal recruitment and training , health and safety and lastly pensions.

Domain Names as Internet Properties Essay Example for Free

Domain Names as Internet Properties EssayWhat ar your long term plans for your commonwealth name? Do you expect to convey the name and the goodwill associated with it to an interested buyer or bequeath it your heirs? Perhaps you intend to mapping the domain name to secure a loan for a business expansion or for your childs college tuition. You whitethorn be in for a surprise. The smart property community asserts that domain names, as computer address indicators, are akin to authentications. However, trademark law cannot be effectively grafted on to domain names because of the discrepancies over geographical boundaries and context-sensitive use. In order for a trademark registration to issue, the mark must be used in interstate commerce to identify the source of a class of goods or services. Identical trademarks can co-exist so long as they are associated with non-competing types of goods or services or are used in different geographic areas. Domain names are registered o n a first-come, first-served basis. The first individual or company to complete the registration template for an available name gets the sole right to be associated with it. For a reasonable fee, currently hovering at $10 a year, the registrant can brand and propagate the name in a worldwide marketplace.The registrant receives the exclusive right to use that name for a website presence, global e-mail, and network file transfers. But every domain name must be unique, and it is this technical requirement that makes domain names potentially valuable resources which are substantively different from trademarks. Compaq computing device Corp paid $3. 35 million in July 1998 for rights to ALTAVISTA. COM, purchased from a California start-up called Alta face technology. The transaction include existing traffic of a half million visitors a day who were already expecting to find the Alta Vista search engine at that domain name.As the price bar for domain names rises, NSIs customers may res ist being subject to the vagaries of the registrars feudal regime. Simple and unencumbered ownership endows the registrant with a type of predictable, if limited, sovereignty. through and through legislation and judicial acknowledgment, registrants who meet certain individual responsibilities should be allowed a perpetually renewable and conveyable right to enjoy this new source of wealth. Many domain names have become the hindquarters of multimillion-dollar business plans. In the fall of 1999, VirtualVineyard of Palo Alto, California, acquired Wine.Com of Napa, primarily for its domain name. While the $3. 3M-plus acquisition included an operating business, the chief operating officer of Wine. Com estimated that about 70 percent of his companys value was its name. The current controversies over domain names highlight the interplay of technology, law, economic science and politics. Court opinions trail societys changes and conundrums resulting from technology of recent vintage. Ye t, nearly everyone agrees on one point domain names are caught in a legal thicket. If domain names are property, then existing contracts such(prenominal) as NSIs harsh Service Agreement must be rewritten.Although the implications of the Umbro decision are yet to be fully assessed, and NSIs appeal remains to be heard, the magistrate recognized that each knotty domain name difference before the court may be breaking new legal ground. References Unknown (1999). Mortgages for domain names. BBC Sci/Tech News. Retrieved November 26, 2006 from http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/science/nature/533455. stm Oppedahl, C. (1997). Remedies in Domain Name Lawsuits How is a domain name like a cow? Patents. com. Retrieved November 26, 2006 from http//www. patents. com/pubs/jmls. htm

Len Bias Essay Example for Free

Len separatrix EssayIn unrivalled day all of one mans dreams came true, and in one night all those dreams came spiraling down with a silent crash. I think about his friends with whom he spent his last hours with, and the nightmares that must pee-pee followed after helplessly watching their friend die at their feet. I think about his family who lost so much good fortune and, more importantly, a nephew, a cousin, a brother, and a son. I also think about the game of basketball. It lost a great player that day. Some believe he was going to be its greatest yet.Len warp was the greatest player to never play the game, its brightest star to never shine. Cocaine had, once again, robbed the domain of a truly one of a kind treasure. There has been a bit of poetic arbitrator to come from this story, however. Bias mother has told stories of people who have randomly come up to her at the trade or in the street telling her of how her sons death has helped them kick their cocaine addicti on. perceive as how the story was told all over the nation, it wasnt just locals who responded to it in this way.I have been impact by this story in a similar way. Len Bias is the sole reason I have never tried cocaine. Of course its very rare for a young athlete same(p) myself to have a heart attack from drugs. Bias was definitely an exception, but he was not the rule. It goes deeper than emergency statistics for me, though. The death on Len Bias showed me that everything a human being has worked for could be stripped away in an instant with the involvement of drugs. For example, theres the similar story of Earl The G.O. A. T. Manigault, who was deemed one of the greatest basketball players saucily York has ever seen but never reached his full potential because of a heavy heroin addiction. Unlike Bias, Manigault is heretofore alive today. However, he is nowhere near being in the position he couldve been in had he not picked up his drug habit. Were talking about a possible di fference of 20 million dollars Theres no drug on earth worth making that pay for in my opinion.

Favorite Place Essay Example for Free

Favorite Place EssayPeace and serenity. The feeling of wind swiping past your personate is one of the things that proficient lead to a release of everything. at that places a sense of calmness that is incomparable to this hero. For me, this sensation is one of the main reasons that the bank is my favorite place. The set down is one of the most peaceful and relaxing places on that point are, and the brim comes along with the quite a few possible adventures, which is what truly makes the edge the most big place. The smell of salt and freshness make it so all you want to do is sit on that point embracing the scent for months. Its amazing to be so intensely amused by some of the obviously smallest things in carriage. The fact that the beach makes it so that you appreciate all the little things is another one of the reasons that the beach is what I consider to be my favorite place.The beach has a sense of adventure and mystery among it. there are millions of creatures th at live throughout the naval and the sand. Each creature has its own special qualities. Every magazine you go to the beach it could be a new adventure. You could have an encounter with either one of the m either an(prenominal) types of plants there, or you could have an encounter with one of the animals there. The time that I had gone and swam alongside a root of manatees down the entire shore of the beach for nearly 50 feet was one of the most memorable and magical experiences that Ive ever had. The adventure to be had is truly endless at the beach. We already know millions of types of animals that use the ocean as their home, and we only have knowledge of five percent of the ocean to this day. That statement alone represents the lordly mystery of the beach, hence my fascination with it.The beach is one of the few places that include so many of the aspects of life that most people love. The calm atmosphere, the adventure, and the activities to be done. At the beach you have th e ability to do so many different things. You have the ability to engage in so many different aspects of the beach. There is the ability to either swim, play with the marine life, or do some of the sports activities that the beach contains. Plus just the general joy of enjoying the sun and wind in the sand is always there.Whether it be building the sandcastles, attempt to catch fish in a pale, searching for the prettiest of the shells, or playing volleyball with my family, the beach has always had something to offer me. Even if the weather is bad, making it nearly impossible to do any of the typical beach activities, simply looking at the skies and the water in the midst of a storm is an amazing view. No matter what the situation is, the beach always manages to see it through somehow and never let me down.The beach is what I consider to be my favorite place because of all of the different things that the beach has to offer. In any circumstance, there is always some reason to want to be at the beach. It is the perfect place to be alone, or the perfect place to spend time with either your family or friends. In any case, the beach is by far my favorite place to be.

Most Power In Modern Western Societies Essay Example for Free

Most Power In Modern Western Societies Essay respect the view that most tycoon in modern western societies is held by people who have non been democratically elected.It is sweard that people who have not been democratically elected hold most force in western societys, however how true is this?Throughout history people have been born into panoramas of world designer, if your father was a lord, you would most wantly in like manner be a lord.Marxists suppose that this division of authority still personify in modern society today. Unlike Functionalists who believe in a fair merocratic society, Marxists believe that the friendly class you argon born in is where youll most likely end up staying. tho this guess is critised for being far to deterministic as many another(prenominal) people from the working classes are able to pass there way up the social ladder. Marxists believe that everything designed in society is there to opt the bourgeois, from the State to the le gal system.Althusser believes that economic determinism needs to be rejected. According to Althusser, societies comprise of 3 takes The economic, the semipolitical and the ideological. Although the parsimony is determinant in the last instance, the political and ideological levels are not mere reflections of the economy nevertheless have relative autonomy and dont have effects on the economy.Stephen Lukes identified three ways in which sociologists have approached the study of power. Each involves studying a different dimension or face of power. He argues that an understanding of power requires an awareness of all three faces.The first face of power is success in decision-making (this has been adopted by pluralists). The second face of power is managing the agenda and the third is manipulation the views of other(a)s.Weber is ordinarily considered the starting point in the study of power. Unlike Marx he believed that power was not automatically united to ownership of wealth. O rdinary people with little or no m integrityy could exercise power by joining parties, not only political parties but pressure groups. He defined power as the chance of a man or a number of men to realise their own exit in a communal action even against the resistance of others.Weber defined 3 types of laterality Charismatic Authority (The type of federal agency based on charisma), Traditional Authority (The type of power based on established customs) and Rational-legal authority (The type of authority devised from impersonal rules). Weber saw rational-legal authority as the dominant form of authority in modern societies, not only armies but in any case political, religious and educational organisations. He believed that they were organised on bureaucratic lines with structures of authority and rational rules designed to stop up that power is used to achieve the goals of organisations. Webers work has been critised as the types of authority he described are beau ideal types. I deal is a model of the purest type and in reality ideal types do not exists. policy-making scientist Robert cajan pea developed Webers ideas into what has become classical pluralism. Classical pluralism represents the way in which many people believe liberal democrats such as the UK and USA operate. It suggests that such political systems are truly democratic and that power is distributed throughout society. Classical pluralists except that they have very little direct involvement in political decision-making however this doesnt mean that these societies are undemocratic. They are seen as representative democracies where citizens elect political leaders who are charged with carrying out the wishes of those who elected them.Pluralists see political parties and pressure groups as crucial for the democratic process, as through political parties we seek to gain power by putting up candidates into elections with the aim of forming a government and through pressure groups seek to influenc e those in government to follow policies which individual groups favour.Robert Dahl conducted a study of local government in New Haven and found that no-one group is seen to in truth dominate the decision-making power is therefore shared among a hunt down of groups. The idea is rejected by pluralists that democracy is accomplishable in a one-party state, since there must be opposition parties and a range of pressure groups to represent the views of those who disagree with the governing party. Pluralists claim to have solid evidence for their view of the statistical distribution of power from case studies of decision-making on a local level (Dahl) and at a national level (Hewitt)There have been many criticisms of pluralism, first of all it is believed that measuring power by examining decisions ignores non-decision making. It also ignores the detail that that people may accept and even welcome decisions which are against their interests and its is shown that some groups exercise more power than others and so is an unequal representation of interests and many interests may not be represented at all. Marxists also argue that the pluralists focus on the decisions taken by local and national governments ignores the possibility that the real centre of attention of power is elsewhere.As a result of the criticisms of pluralism many classical pluralism supporters modified or changed their positions. Robert Dahl has genuine that the unequal distribution of wealth and income in the USA makes equal political influence impossible. David Marsh describes this position as elite pluralism. elect Pluralists accept that many political interests are under represented. However, since they constitute a significant number of voters the government will eventually be forced to take note of their interests. It is received that some groups have greater access to the government than others, however they point out that governments must background conflict by consulting with a rang e of interest groups.Elite Pluralism answers some of the criticisms of classical pluralism. It acknowledges the existence of under-represented interests and accepts that power is to some degree concentrated in the hands of a few elites.However there are also criticisms of this theory. Its said to undermine the pluralist position that power is widely dispersed in capitalist societies. besides the assumption that elites or leaders act in the interests of their members is also open to question. Finally Elite pluralism like Classical pluralism fails to take into account the third face of power the ability to shape and manipulate the desires of others.Elite theorists reject the pluralist view that power in liberal democracies is widely dispersed. They argue that power is concentrated in the hands of a small minority called the elite. The elite theory was originally developed as a response to Marxism, which claimed that democracy was only possible under communism. They asserted that rul e by elites was inevitable in all societies, even communist ones. However not all views of elite theory are so pessimistic. Many modern elite theorists argue that rule by elites results from the way in which societies are organised, quite than being n inevitable feature of human society.Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca rejected the idea that real democracy was possible in either liberal democracies or under communism. They argue that in all societies and elite, a minority of individuals with superior personal qualities, would monopolise power.While Pareto and Mosca saw the elite as an inevitable thing Wright mill around saw the elite rule as a result of the structure of society which allowed a disproportionate amount of power to be held by a few individuals who occupied what he called the command posts. These individuals are called the power elite. He identified 3 key institutions as the centres of power, The Federal government, the major corporations and the military. mill arou nd believed that these 3 elites are closely related because of their similar origins, education and kinship and because there interests are in twined.Critics of Mills argue that he only showed that the elites in the USA have potential for control, he failed to show that they had actual hold control. In addition pluralist disagree with this theory and argue that there are many other elites such as pressure group leaders, religious, trade unions and so on, who can provide a pay off to these more powerful elites. Marxists also reject the notion of a power elite, arguing that real power in capitalist societies derives not from positions in institutions but from ownership and control of the means of production.In consequence it seems as though there are many different approaches to the view on power in society, whether the people are in power because they were democratically elected or whether there, there because they were born into it. However many of the views tend to ignore the pr oblems with black people and women. Why are there only 25% of women in parliament and why are there only 6 black MPs?Although functionalist believe we live in a fair merocratic society its becoming fairly obvious that we dont. Though many views have may have some truth behind them it extremely hard say that one persons opinion of power in society is wrong. It really depends if you believe in the power of the people or not.

The Disadvantages of Using Facebook Among Students Essay Example for Free

The Disadvantages of Using Facebook Among Students EssayA very good morning to scat Shirly and my fellow friends. Today, I, Shaatmi Batumalai, will be delivering a speech titled The disadvantages of using the Facebook among students. As we all know, immediatelys world is full of modern technologies, especially in the field of communication. No one seat deny the efficiency of these tools, such as Twitter, Skype, Friendster, and so many more. Unfortunately, if wrongly used, these brilliant inventions can in addition bring disadvantages for its young users. Hence, let me bring your attention again towards the title of my speech, The disadvantages of using the Facebook among students.First and first I would like to enlighten on the issue of Facebooks bad influences on students results. Students who are attached to Facebook tend to lose their concentration on their studies. This is mainly caused by the students uncontrolled time spent cosmos on-line. They become too wrapped up with their activities, and fail to complete their school tasks, and finally fail to act up with their studies.Next, students are unaware of the company they keep through their accounts. They are fascinated by the activeness of chatting with strangers who might appear attractive or interesting. They dont even realize that, sometimes this whitethorn even cause serious problems such as arguments or even gang fights which can disparage a students peaceful life.Last but not least, students may also award health problems with excessive Facebook usage. This makes them to not to have enough sleep. So when they go to school the next morning, they practiced sleep on their desks and make their teachers to be angry with them. Besides, students may also experience short-sightedness with too lots of Facebook.Based on my opinion, the Facebook is like an addictive drug for its users. It is quite challenging to stay away from the fire life but as matured students we must try to concentrate on our studies. As a conclusion, it is up to the individual to choose the right ways of using these technologies for their own benefits.With this, I end my speech. thank you for listening.

Mr aaban Essay Example for Free

Mr aaban EssayAn employees contract of trading whitethorn be terminated by either the employer or the employer or the employee giving the celebrate required by the applicable award or the industrial Relation act 1990. Where the prescribed notice is not given, the employee shall be paid wages in lieu of notice, or the employer may withhold wages due to the employee. fragmentize 2 Notwithstanding Part 1 above, where any employee is guilty of misconduct, the contract of employment may be terminated instantaneously.Where it is alleged that an employee is guilty of misconduct, the employee shall be pictured with details of the allegation/s and be given a reasonable opportunity to respond to allegations prior to a decisions being made to either terminate the employment or to issue a written warning. Part 3 where it is alleged that an employees capacity or death penalty is unsatisfactory, thence the following procedure should be followed. The existence of this procedure shall not prevent an employee being discharged in accordance with ingredient 2 above.The initial discussion and direction will be provided on an in act uponal basis by Business manager of other authorised more or lessbody. If the problem/s hold the Business manager to other authorised person will discuss with employee. 1. the matter/s of name 2. action necessary to resolve the concerns and 3. a timetable for utility to be evidence. input including explanations will be sought-after(a) from the employee. As a result of this discussion the Business manager or other authorised person will notify the employee in writing regarding those matters in promontory discussed per clause 3.5 above The notice will detail 1 the matter/s of concern 2. actions necessary to resolve the concerns 3. a timetable for improvement to be evidenced. This notice will be signed and confirmed by the employee to recorded the discussion (3) above. of thither is a disagreement as to the content of the notice the employ ee shall have the opportunity for their view to be pose on the record. Appropriate monitoring and counselling shall then be provided to the employee by the business manager or other authorised person. part 4at any meeting or discussion versioning part of the process in part2 or 3, the employee nay be accompanied by a union vocalism or other person of the employees choosing. Macville Private Incident chance Form Incident/ Hazard embrace Form Given Name John Family name Dawson Position Title Equipment Assistant International? Yes No Visiting Student Agency Personnel Visitor Contractor Employee number/ Student ID s654 Address 57 Mitford Crescent Craigieburn Division 50 Management social unit 15 TAFE Unit/ Sub Management Unit 20DOB 02/06/1985 Gender M F Contact details 86557342 Have you reported this to your Team loss leader/ Manager? Yes No Date 15/08/2012 notified Yes Name ( please Print) Matthew Contact 0432654678 Macville Private Questions and solutions for Incident Hazard Form Question1. Feed back for the use of Templates Answer For Incident Hazard stock we got feedback from the employees and management charge so made some changes in it. In adventure hazard form we got the feedback from employee suggested that we need to add together more question in section 2 details of incident.Rest of the format for this usher was achieved penny-pinching reaction from all of them. Question 2. Change in template after feedback Answer According to the feedback on the use of template we made some changes in for example we add some more question regarding the incident so we after giving the answer to those question we have more training what in reality happened. Question 3. How to provide information for document Answer We can use Meta tag which is primary utilise to help hunt club engines better index a document by supplying additional information about the document.Question4 Which extra section of the form should prior check the form? Answer In incident hazard form first check the details of the person to check they are appropriate and then check the details of the incidents what actually happened. Question 5 which software used to make forms for example? Answer For Incident Form we used software Microsoft word. Macville Private Question and answer for Performance Development form Question1 Feedback for the use of Templates Answer Fro the Professional development form we got feedback from the employees and management committee so made some changes in it.First of all we just asked in the form for lord goals then they suggested that if we achieved good response from all of them. Question2. Change in template after feedback Answer According to the feedback on the use of template we made some changes in for example we made another column of personal goals in professional development form so we can achieve both goal employees personal and professional Question3 How to provide information for document Answer We can use Meta tag which is primarily used to help search engines better index a document by supplying additional information about the document.Question4 Which particular section of the form should prior check the form Answer In Performance development form all the sections are important but firstly we will check the Name of the person and interpret of reviewed and there goals. Question5 Provide clear instruction for the use of all three forms. Answer Development form is a really good way to know the employees work performance that how the employee is doing the job and what he/she call for to achieve from doing that job and what/where they can do best in the future for the organisation to achieve their targets and mission.

Replacing Fossil Fuels | Dissertation

Replacing Fossil Fuels talkAbstractThis look into go outs guidance as to the about successful style of re pertly competent get-up-and-go in substitution the actual dominant fogy provides in the approaching. This success is arsed on a consider of line variables, not least the implications of cost, management and extensiveevity that atomic form 18 intertwined with fetching, installing and running a renewable aptitude source. The case-study foc utilise on the cardinal primary(prenominal) types of renewable aptitude, solar author, tethering magnate, biomass expertness and geothermic efficacy and came to some provoke conclusions.A mixture of qualitative and quantitative research was exercised, with the mass of the findings orgasm from the qualitative research. How of all time, the quantitative research was in the form of both case studies high elationinging the rough-and-readyness of both types of renewable aught in certain house substantiate situat ions and how the get-up-and-go can knock back that of handed-down fogy fuels.The findings show that while no uncomparable fragmentizeicular renewable brawn type gained a absolute bulk backing from the research, k straightawayledge about these types of muscle is still perhaps too limited for whatever soul to manage a correct and informed choice as to the organic evolution of renewable sinew. The qualitative research indicated that there ar many strengths and weaknesses to each type of energy, while the quantitative research stressed that in certain situations renewable can be in truth effective. Another make out finding of the literary productions was that ecumenical knowledge and understanding of renewable energy is not at an acceptable level in harm of the general public and leads to the recommendation of increased aw areness.Aims and ObjectivesThis section is designed to depict a detailed overview of the research bewilders and objectives of the present disse rtation and the research questions that the study result try to answer in as blanket(prenominal) a manner as possible within time and resource constraints.Research AimThe aim of this study is to establish the possible options for renewable energy uncommitted in the united demesne for future use. This get out be conducted through and through with(predicate) and through a comparative summary of the quatern main types of renewable energy presently available, solar energy, wind, biomass and geothermic energy. The main aim of the research is too Identify successful alternatives to the non-renewable energies in the joined commonwealthIn order to achieve this, a sum up of objectives leave al bingle need to be met. The aim of the research is to be able to conclude with clarity, the most attractive option or options available to the get together res publica and its brass in terms of renewable energy, for the current day and moreover, into the future. The uncertain arithmetic mean of the traditional non-renewable energies, coal, oil and natural gas, incur meant that renewable energies charter had to be highly-developed with the aim that in the future, these newer, more environmentally friendly options will gradually take over the burden of energy tote up in the united Kingdom.Research ObjectivesBased on the research aim outlined in the foregoing subsection, the research objectives that the present study will seek to achieve are as listed be wretchedo To undertake an investigation into the four main sources of renewable energy these include solar zip, Wind, Biomass and geothermal energy.o To gain an understanding of the history and evolution of these energies is needed to fully understand the extent to which the United Kingdom can rely on them in the future.o An analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of each particular type of renewable energyo To explore how well the political sympathies is backing renewable energy with incentiveso To const rue the financial implications to gain an in panorama to how much renewable energy will cost in installation, what grants are available?o To examine design implications installation of renewable sources, aesthetic, dimensional requirements.Research QuestionsThere are particular research questions that will need to be call ined when attempting to analyse possible future energy alternatives. These include* How significant is the extent of cost when attempting to tack non-renewable energies with the more environmentally friendly types?* How uttermost does the government wish to develop all four types of energy? Do they retain a particular estimate as the market share that each one should ideally hold on providing energy to the United Kingdom?* What can history tell the research about the likelihood that these renewable energy methods will succeed over a longer period?* Can (and will) these renewable energies ever fully replace the non-renewable energies that the United Kingdom ( and planetaryly) has relied heavily and dependently upon since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?The research will attempt to address these questions and objectives whilst trying to meet the aim of the entire project strikeing successful long term strategies to replace dwindling away non-renewable energy sources with abundant renewable sources while still enabling the United Kingdom to grow and hold its position of relative post and influence on a globular dental plate.1 Introduction incessantly since the realisation that non-renewable energy sources (coal, oil and natural gas) are exactly as the description suggests, and that the level of these are reducing rapidly cod to the global appetite for energy consumption in the continuing lam for federal agency, influence and development, it has been apparent that renewable energy sources would have to be developed to enable this global addition to continue. The United Kingdom, whilst overtaken in late years by countrie s much(prenominal) as the United States and China in terms of energy consumption, has had a history intertwined with this notion. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the United Kingdom in the 18th deoxycytidine monophosphate, acted as a catalyst for the rapid consumption of a large proportion of the pieces traditional, non-renewable energy sources. This has led to the necessity of underdeveloped renewable energy forms to supplement these more traditional energy types, with the aim to take over the burden of energy supply in the future.Brown (cited in Miller Spoolman, 2008211) states that in terms of history, the 19th Century belonged to coal and the 20th Century to oil. However, the 21st Century will belong to the sun, the wind and energy from within the earth. This belief is widely held for a number of reasons and high trip outs the grandeur that the development of renewable energy sources has on the current agenda of policy makers and governments on a global scale. Howev er, this will prove to be a difficult challenge. As Sawin (2004) stresses, over the previous decade, the World banking company funding for fossil fuel projects (totalling $26.5 billion) cold exceeded that for renewable energy (Sawin, 200413). It is this type of obstacle that can make the development and mainstreaming of renewable energy difficult to implement and is why it is so crucial to research this issue, suck up the financial costs of renewable energy as a long term successor to the fossil fuels and increase public knowledge of renewable energies and their benefits. The renewable energy options are possibly limited to four main types. Whilst many various options have been and are being developed by researchers and scientists, only four are currently at a stage where they could develop adequacy energy to be able to supplement and indeed eventually succeed non-renewable energy. These are highlighted as solar energy, wind designer, biomass and geothermal energy (Tiwari Gho sal, 200517). These four types of energy will therefore form the focus of the research with each particular beach of energy being investigated to establish whether it is feasible that any one (or perhaps a combination) of these energies can ever be relied upon to replace fossil fuels. This is the long term aim of renewable energy, whilst at the current time, they are still on the periphery in terms of usage when compared to non-renewable energy forms.The research will recognise strengths and weaknesses of each of the four types of energy, particularly focusing on peoples opinions and other variables much(prenominal) as cost, performance and design issues that whitethorn gain or lose support depending on the results. The research will be conducted through two different approaches. Firstly, there will be a qualitative analysis of the literature available on each of the four main sources of renewable energy. This coupled with official government information detailing about each type of energy will form the majority of the research. In this manner, the proposed research will be qualitative based. However, the success of the mixed method approach to research, as championed by Maxwell (2005183), highlights that the research should include quantitative data research as well. This will be conducted through two case studies, analysing the effects of two of the renewable energy sources on a small scale. These will be foc utilize around particular individuals attempts to use a form of renewable energy to replace more traditional fossil fuel energy in their home. The quantitative data achieved by these two samples will provide evidence as the success of the renewable energy type in replacing more established non-renewable energy in an everyday life situation. This will enable the research to key out key areas that surround the debate over renewable energy sources and the suitability of each of the four main types in their possible future role as the majority providers of energy to the United Kingdom.1.1 Solar EnergySolar energy is perhaps the most prominent of all the renewable energy sources currently available. Solar energy has existed in many forms for thousands of years (Craddock, 200828). He stresses that early users of solar energy include the Romans who used the suns rays to heat their rooms and designed south facing windows to make use of the heat provided by the sun. In the moderne era, technology has developed rapidly and solar energy is now seen as much adept and efficient than ever before. The literature review will analyse solar energy and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of the energy as a possible candidate for large scale usage on a guinea pig level.As Figure 1 highlights, when the suns rays shine upon a solar panel, the effect converts the light energy to electrical energy. In this instance, the power from the solar panel is directly proportional to the amount of light shining on it, so if the light from the sun is thre e clock as bright on a particular day than the previous day, and then you will receive three times the power. (Stubbs, 20084) The development of solar energy has occurred ascribable to the understanding that our current way of life cannot continue if we remain economically dependent on fossil fuels. A champion of solar energy, Scheer (2004) supports the theory that it is imperative that we make spatiotemporal use of solar energy, not just to augment fossil fuels except to replace them before they each run out or critically damage the earth through pollution and dangerous venting levels (Scheer, 20044). There are two main formats that solar energy takes. These are passive and active formats (Craddock, 2008). A passive solar energy system uses the sunrays directly to heat water or gas. The active system converts the suns energy into electrical energy by using a photovoltaic semiconducting material material called solar cell (El-Sharkawi, 200589). The researcher also provide s evidence that solar power can be relatively low in terms of its cleverness stating that the electrical power sidetrack of the solar panel, arrived at by multiplying the solar power input by the expertness of the panel (Figure 2), can often relieve oneself a low amount of energy.The energy produced in the equation above is only high enough to power two light bulbs. This can be countered by increasing the size of the panel and the efficiency of the panel. These two changes will increase the output (El-Sharkawi, 200589). Developments made novelly should, according to Jones (200348), allow solar cells to puzzle out more efficiently. The recent innovation of solar c at oncentrators is used in solar thermal technology to come back heat to power turbines. With solar concentration technology, mirrors or lenses focus light onto specifically designed cells. The aged(a) versions of solar cells have solid absorbing layers that require clear skies and direct sunlight to produce energy. However, new solar concentrators follow the suns path through the sky during the day allowing a go bad chance at finding direct sunlight. This highlights that solar power is increasing in efficiency and from a relatively un-technical beginning, solar power is now a real possibility at providing alternative power to fossil fuels in the future.1.2 WindWind power is perhaps the most striking of all of the recent developments in renewable energy. The wind turbines that adorn high peaks across the country are constant reminders of the attempts by the government and industry to develop renewable energy. Wind power is generated through the utilisation of large scale convective currents that carry heat from start out latitudes to more northern destinations. These create rivers of cable that are used by newly developed wind turbines to generate power. (Figure 3)Winds are strongest at high peaks and specifically more popular and at their strongest along the shores of lakes, seas and ocea ns, restricting the placement of wind turbines to coastal regions in many parts of the world (Gipe, 200424) As Figure 4 highlights, the power of wind can be increased to almost two hundred percent of its normal speed as it reaches the crest of a peak, thus ensuring the positioning of the wind turbines. These have led to many criticisms of the aesthetics of the turbines, given that they are large and seen as imposing by some onlookers. The wind turbines can produce a large volume of energy but are dependent on nature and days of unusually low wind speed can turn off the effectiveness of the turbines remarkably.When the wind speed is above the level needed to produce the maximum efficiency, no power losses are achieved in the system. It is only when the wind speed drops below the necessary level that the efficiency of the wind turbine drops (Hau, 2006489). There are a number of strengths and weaknesses of wind power and these will be assessed in the literature review. However, the UK has increased its share of the wind turbine market recently (at an average rate of 35% per annum) in its attempts to increase the percentage of which all electrical energy generated will come from renewable sources by 2020 (This has been set at 20% Government White Paper, 2003).There are various types of wind turbines, in different shapes and sizes, developed to harness the wind power at a particular geographical location. The main two versions of the modern wind turbine are based around the bloc. The two different types are the horizontal axis and the steep axis. The horizontal axis (Figure 5 above) is the most commonly seen in the United Kingdom and is popular due to the high efficiency rating. The higher the tall tower base, the higher the wind speed and the more output that can be created. This is why the horizontal axis is the most popular.However, this is also one of the disadvantages with complaints arising about the sight of these wind turbines on the horizon from man y locals when they are installed. Vertical axis wind turbines (Figure 6) are little common in the United Kingdom. These vertical axis turbines are less common due to the fact that they are generally less efficient, because of the nature of its rotation and the stress on the blades. This leads to frequent replacements and therefore a higher cost. They are, however, less tall than horixontal axis wind turbines and therefore less of a distraction on the horizon for those that are angered by the horizontal axis types.1.3 BiomassBiomass energy is de comelyd as any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel source derived from recently dead biological material. This is opposed to fossil fuels that come from long dead biological material. Biomass constitutes the largest non-hydroelectric renewable source of primary energy in the United States and its presence is growing rapidly in the United Kingdom (Turner Doty, 2009443). This is highlighted by Chiras (200621) who stresses that many countries are n ow turning to biomass as an alternative fuel source due to its relative ease in creating energy and the low cost involved.Biomass includes a wide assortment of solid fuels, such as wood, and liquid fuels such as ethanol derived from corn and biodiesel, a liquid fuel made from vegetable oils. The wide sorting of forms that biomass can take can be found in figure 7. Biomass is remarkably popular as an energy source, as stated previously due to the low cost and relative ease at obtaining the materials needed for conversion.The three main conversion types are anaerobic digestion, fermentation to alcohol and the thermal solve which produces a range of fuels and by-products including methane, methanol and ethanol that can produce heat, power and light, as well as fertilizers and fibres that can be used to produce food, textiles and plastics. (Figure 8)This range of products and power that it can produce make it very flexible and attractive to those who support the development of renewab le energy. However, one key advocate of biomass energy states that currently most use of biomass energy is not clean or sustainable. The pollution caused by burning wood, spread out and agricultural waste is causing severe health problems. It is also true that some energy crops have a bigger energy and environmental cost than they return. Thomas (200744) indicates that if biomass is to be a vital part of the future energy mix then there needs to be methods developed to process and use it in sustainable way over a long period of time.Biomass energy has accounted for over xxx percent of the United Kingdom electricity generation from various renewable energy types over the knightly five years. This amount is only second to that of hydro power (Institute of Physics Report, 2010). Although the total amount generated by renewable energy is still relatively small compared to that of traditional fossil fuels, it highlights that if biomass can be developed on a large more industrial scal e, and if more environmentally friendly processes can be created, then the usage of biomass technology may increase dramatically in the near future. Support within the United Kingdom exists for the development of the biomass energy industry. A recent report (atomic number 63an Wind Energy Association, 2009524) highlights that the United Kingdom government has developed grant schemes (funds reserved from the New Opportunities Fund) for investments in energy crops and biomass power generation of at least 33 million over three years. This will hopefully enable the biomass industry to develop cleaner, more sustainable methods of creating biomass energy that can be used on a much larger scale.1.4 GeothermalGeothermal energy is identified as power extracted from heat stored in the earth. It has a long history of use, from dewy-eyed shipway such as bathing to the modern use that of generating electricity. In recent years, geothermal power has developed but still only supplies around 0.5 % of the global electricity. Geothermal power is identified as cost effective, reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly. However there are setbacks in the development of the energy. The main ostracize aspect of geothermal energy is that it is has been historically limited to regions that are close to or on tectonic plate boundaries (Craddock, 1998) Geothermal power works through a relatively simple process, exploiting the heat of the earth and transforming it into electricity. Figure 9 highlights how this process occurs. Capehart (2007) underlines the abundance of geothermal power and states that the resource base for the power can be drawn from shallow ground to hot water and rock some(prenominal) miles below the Earths surface to even further down, to molten rock known as magma (Capehart, 2007377).There are three types of geothermal power plants operating in the world today. These are dry steam plants, flash steam plants and binary cycle plants. Dry steam plants direct ly use geothermal steam to turn turbines. Flash steam plants pull deep, high pressure hot water into lower pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive the turbines.Binary cycle plants pass moderately hot geothermal water by a secondary fluid to flash to vapour and then this vapour then drives the turbines (Capehart, 2007337). Geothermal energy is seen as very reliable in that it has an average system availability of 90-95%. This is utmost higher than other sources of renewable energy. There is however a negative aspect in the aesthetics of the geothermal power plants, with many scholars highlighting the unattractive nature of the plants (figure 10) as well as negative public opinion on this matter (Saunders, 2007).The benefits of geothermal power have been harness by countries such as Iceland and the United States for a number of years but only now is the United Kingdom beginning to realise the potential of this renewable energy process. An article by Morris (2009) notes that with the recent development of supply for the United Kingdoms first geothermal energy plant, the most suited region may be that of Cornwall due to the granite located there lending itself to the process. Morris (2009) emphasises that those fundament the Eden scheme believe that Cornwall could provide as much as 10% of the United Kingdoms electricity for the next one hundred years from geothermal plants. He also identifies other granite basements in the north of England and the north-east of Scotland.Geothermal power is therefore a currently underdeveloped source of renewable energy in the United Kingdom but has the potential to become a reliable and environmentally friendly source of power over the next few decades. The development of technology should also help to strengthen the support behind geothermal energy, given that at any location on earth, deep down in the incumbrance there is the potential energy for geothermal power. If developments can be made the energy t o be harnessed away from tectonic plate boundaries, then the power of geothermal energy could perhaps become unrivalled when compared to other renewable energy sources. The literature review will continue this debate as to the strengths and weaknesses of each particular renewable energy resource.2 Literature ReviewThis literature review will provide part of the secondary research into the research question posed at the beginning of the work. The aim to identify successful alternative renewable energy sources to replace that of non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels) that currently are in consume today. Morgan (20079) stresses that while fossil fuels bring enormous benefits to the world, in term of the production of mass energy that has allowed global industry and technology, as well as levels of living to deepen rapidly in the last one hundred and fifty years, there a number of negative aspects to non-renewable energy sources. The limited nature of the resources is one, but al so the affects that the use of coal, oil and natural gas has on the environment is also a key factor in the need to develop renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly.Therefore this literature review will attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the four main renewable energy types solar, wind, biomass and geothermal and highlight a possible successful candidate or candidates that could take over in producing the large majority of global energy. In this manner, the four main types will need to be analysed in a number of key areas cost, effectiveness, affect to the environment and aesthetics.CostA good overview is provided by Freris Infield (2008). They highlight that afterward the United Kingdom government set the target of achieving 20% renewable energy in electricity supply by the year 2020, it became possible to analyse a cost for the proposed energy developments. An analysis end in 2003 suggested that the extra cost for the development of renewable energy processes would represent an additional 0.3p/kWh on consumer electricity bills. This was focused primarily on wind power, as wind power is expected to contribute the majority of the renewable energy target (Freris Infield, 2008215). Other scholars also support the view that wind power is the most costly of the renewable energy processes. Ackermann (2005300) acknowledges that the use of wind energy in remote areas is an exceedingly expensive option when trying to harness power from the earth, rather than using non-renewable energy sources.Quaak, Knoef and Stassen (1999) indicate their preferred method, through cost analysis, is that of Biomass. They state that the initial start up costs are less expensive than wind, solar and geothermal energy plants and also the longevity of the plants as compared to that of wind turbines (that need parts replacing on a regular basis) is a key factor in the cost analysis and that biomass is by far the cheapest of the renewable energy source s currently available (Quaark, Knoef Stassen, 19991).However, although carriage (2007) identifies that biomass is currently the cheapest form of energy, the scholar also states that solar power could become, over time, the cheapest form of energy. While solar panels are expensive, this is only because of the low number of them. Walker (20077) notes that solar cells would become dramatically less expensive if more people bought them, allowing the solar cell companies to down prices due to a healthy competition. The simple nature of solar power, combined with a drop in prices could back up the overall cost of the energy source, allowing it to become cheap and competitive with other renewable energy sources. Sass Duffield support the view of the cheap costs of geothermal energy as opposed to wind, biomass and solar energies. They state that geothermal energy, despite high initial installation and start-up costs, can dramatically lower periodic energy bills and therefore in the lo ng term, or within a few years, the cumulative energy savings equal the extra up-front costs and can become less expensive than other forms of energy. An interesting viewpoint is provided by Orr (200923) who indicates that at the current time, none of the existing renewable energies are cost effective and it is why governments across the globe are having to provide grants to develop them. The competitive nature of global nine means that only cost effective and profit generating products succeed. Therefore, designers of renewable energy processes need to find ways to lower the costs of purchase for these energies in an attempt to rival cheaper and more established fossil fuel production. It is only in this way that renewable energies can hope to develop rapidly to the benefit of the Earth. military strength and reliabilityThe effectiveness and reliability of an energy source is the most fundamental issue that surrounds its development. An energy that has low levels of effectiveness and low reliability evaluate will usually never be mass developed, due to the restrictive nature and high costs to gain a substantial yield. Wind power is suggested to have a relatively high effectiveness rating by Spilsbury Spilsbury (2007). However, other scholars stress that wind power is the least effective of all of the different renewable energies due to the loss of potential power through its design (Petersen, 1999). Other energies such as geothermal, with a 95% availability (Bracaloni et al, 1995) have a far higher efficiency rating. Quaark, Knoef Stassen (199952) also highlight the relative low efficiency rating of biomass energy, stating that conditions at times only allow a 25-35% efficiency rating. Lomborg (2001134) stresses that the efficiency of solar cells is also around the 20% mark, indicating that geothermal energy is far more efficient that other forms of renewable energy.Environmental effectsOne of the key weaknesses of the fossil fuels and their use in energy production today is the negative effects that they have on the environment. The creation of carbon dioxide from the processes needed to create energy from coal, oil and natural gas has acted as a catalyst in lowering climate conditions across the globe. Therefore, one of the main aims for new renewable energy sources is to promote an environmentally friendly strategy. Lomborg (2001) identifies that one of the renewable energy sources being discussed lacks this strategy. Lomborg stresses that biomass energy production gives rise to a slew of pollution problems such as suspended particles, sulphur, nickel, cadmium and lead. This is supported by the Council of Europe (no date) who indicate that the weakness of biomass energy is that it produces relatively large amounts of fine particles and often also other air pollution like polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals.Compared to this, the Council stress that wind energy only causes some carbon dioxide and fine particle emissions in t he verbalism phase, whereas solar energy appears to be the most environmentally friendly of the renewable energies. Chiras (2009) identifies this and supports the notion that solar power is perhaps the most environmentally friendly of all of the renewable energies. The construction phase causes less emissions than any other renewable source and the fact that industrial plants (such as that used for biomass and geothermal energy) are not required for solar power means that like wind power, once constructed there is no harm to the environment, with the solar panels soaking up the heat of the sun and transferring this into energy.AestheticsThe aesthetics of renewable energy is a key factor in gaining support for possible renewable energy sources. Gipe (2004) stresses that wind power often comes under a lot of scrutiny due to the developments of horizontal axis wind turbines that dominant certain landscapes. Gipe indicates that communities are generally against these being developed be cause of the ugly aesthetical factor. However, he also notes that due to the nature of wind turbines and wind energy, these locations are generally remote and therefore do not affect the majority of people. There is also the development of wind turbines at sea, which could possibly aid the reduction of resentment towards wind turbines. Moreover, Scheer (2007200) underlines that the rejection of wind power on grounds of aesthetic landscape pollution is treacherous and short-sighted and cites key examples of previous architecture such as skyscrapers as precedents. He also argues that the benefits of wind power far outweigh any argument on aesthetics and therefore feels it is a surplus debate. Chandrasekharam and Bundschuh (2002) feel that there is a similar argument for geothermal and biomass energy plants. The aesthetic factor may often be overriding but the success of creating environmentally friendly (geothermal in particular), renewable energy should outweigh any decision as to t he aesthetical impact of these new sources of energy.SummaryA number of key concepts were analysed in this literature review. The review suggests that opinions over renewable energy sources and their potential success rates are divided. While there appears to be agreement in the literature over the importance of developing renewable energy sources due to the fact that fossil fuel supplies are decreasing dramatically and that they have an adverse effect on the environment, there is real debate as to the preferred methods of renewable energy. by chance the most important contributing factor may come down to cost, and the literature review suggested that the current cost for all renewable energy forms are too high and